Intraductal papilloma is a small, benign tumor that grows within a milk duct of the breast.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Intraductal papilloma occurs most frequently in women between the ages 35-55. The causes and risk factors are unknown.
Signs and tests
A bloody discharge from a single duct within the nipple of one breast may occur spontaneously, without manipulation of the breast tissue. A small lump beneath the nipple may be felt by the examiner, but it is not always palpable. A ductogram may be performed to determine which milk duct is involved. Cellular (cytologic) examination of discharge is usually performed to identify potentially malignant (cancerous) cells. A breast biopsy is necessary to rule out cancer .
Treatment
Surgical removal (excision) of the involved duct and the mass of cells is done for the purpose of biopsy and to assure that cancer is not present.
Support groups
There may be local support groups available for women with breast disease in your area. You should ask your doctor or health care provider for recommendations.
Expectations (prognosis)
The outcome is expected to be excellent for patients with solitary tumors. Patients with multiple papillomas or who develop them at an early age may be at an increased risk of developing cancer, particularly if they have a family history of cancer or there are abnormal cells in the biopsy.
Complications
Complications of surgery include bleeding, infection, and the risk of the anaesthesia used. If the biopsy shows cancer, further surgery may be needed. Intraductal cancer occurs most frequently in post-menopausal women and represents about 30% of all cancers found by screening.
Calling your health care provider
Call for your health care provider if breast discharge or any breast lump is noted.
Prevention
There is no known prevention. Breast self-examination and screening mammography may allow early detection.